ADJ

harsh, heavy, severe, stiff, strict, tough
light
maximum, minimum
fixed, mandatory
a new system of fixed penalties for most traffic offences
financial, tax
the heavy financial penalties of leaving the scheme early
death
the movement for the abolition of the death penalty

VERB + PENALTY

impose, introduce
threaten
increase
carry
crimes which carry severe penalties
face, incur

PREP

on/under ~ of
They made him promise, under penalty of death
~ for
the penalty for murder
~ on
He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders

VERB + PENALTY

pay, suffer
He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth. People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods
accept

PREP

~ for
You must accept the penalty for your rash behaviour
~ of
It's just one of the penalties of fame

ADJ

disputed
winning
first-half, second-half
early, late

VERB + PENALTY

award (sb), give (sb)
give away
They were leading until Cole gave away a penalty
appeal for
be awarded/given, get, have
We were unlucky not to get a penalty
kick, take
score from
Owen scored from a first-half penalty
miss
save

PENALTY + NOUN

area, box, spot
shoot-out

PREP

~ by/from
Thet won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry